The Effect of Using Smartphone in the Restroom on Muscle Activity of Cervical Erector Spinae, Upper Trapezius, and Lumbar Erector Spinae in Able-Bodied People
Jun-Hyeok Kim,Seul-Gi Kang,Min-Joo Kim,Yu-Jin Min,Suk-Hyang Baek,Yoon-Ho Jang,Mi-Jung Ju,Ga-Ram Choi,Sung-Hwa Hong,Hyeok-Gyu Kwon
https://dx.doi.org/10.17817/2018.06.11.111272 Epub 7th July, 2018
Abstract
Purpose The usage of a smartphone in the life have been increased because of the convenience of a smartphone. In
addition, the usage of a smartphone is increased in the restroom. The use of smartphone in the toilets have affected on
large intestine such as constipation and hemorrhoids. However, little is known about musculoskeletal system. Therefore,
the Purpose of this study was to examine the effect of using smarphone in the restroom on muscle activity of cervical
erector spineae, upper trapezius, and lumbar erector spinae in the ablebodied people. Methods 28 healthy subjects were
recruited for this study. Electromyographic signals of both cervical erector spinae, upper trapezius and lumbar erector
spinae were acquired during sitting on the general chair and toilet with using a smartphone. Paired t test was used for
determination of differences in the muscle activation between general chair and toilet. The significant level of the p value
was set at 0.05. Results In cervical erector spinae and upper trapezius, no significant difference was observed between the
general chair and toilet (p>.05). In contrast, regarding lumbar erector spinae, using a smartphone on the toilet showed
significant difference compared to on the general chair (p<.05). Conclusion We found that the sitting on the toilet during
using a smartphone showed higher muscle activation of lumbar erector spinae than the sitting on the general chair.
Therefore, using a smartphone on the toilet could affect the musculoskeletal of the lower back.
Keywords
martphone Toilet Muscle activity Cervical erector spinae Upper trapezius
JCMSH
2018;22(2). https://dx.doi.org/10.17817/2018.06.11.111272 Epub 2018
Copyright © 2018 by The Journal of Clinical Movement Science in Humans
Language
Korean
Author
Jun-Hyeok Kim
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan
Seul-Gi Kang
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan
Min-Joo Kim
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan
Yu-Jin Min
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan
Suk-Hyang Baek
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan
Yoon-Ho Jang
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan
Mi-Jung Ju
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan
Ga-Ram Choi
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan
Sung-Hwa Hong
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan
Hyeok-Gyu Kwon
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan
Corresponding
Hyeok-Gyu Kwon (ptkwon@cup.ac.kr)
Publication history
Received 18th May, 2018;
Revised 11th June, 2018;
Accepted 23rd June, 2018.
Acknowledgements
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Jun-Hyeok Kim
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan
Seul-Gi Kang
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan
Min-Joo Kim
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan
Yu-Jin Min
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan
Suk-Hyang Baek
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan
Yoon-Ho Jang
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan
Mi-Jung Ju
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan
Ga-Ram Choi
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan
Sung-Hwa Hong
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan
Hyeok-Gyu Kwon
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan
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Since epub date 2024 July 22
