Purpose The purpose of this to investigate the effect of hand movement training based on virtual reality on the upper extremity and hand function of stroke patients and to present a therapeutic evidence for virtual reality training intervention. Methods Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups of 30 stroke patients, 15 experimental subjects and 15 control subjects. Experimental group performed hand movement exercise based on virtual reality, and control group performed general occupational therapy. We performed FMA-UE, WMFT, and BBT evaluations to changes in upper extremity functions. Results The experimental group participating in the virtual reality training showed statistically significant improvement(*P<.05) in the FMA-UE and WMFT evaluation in order to investigate the change of upper extremity and hand function, A statistically significant improvement(**P<.01) was also observed in the BBT evaluation of the hand agility to show that the upper limb function improved after the virtual reality training intervention. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P>.05), but there was a statistically significant difference in the amount of change in upper extremity function between the two groups (*P<.05). Conclusion We found that hand movement training based on virtual reality has a positive effect on recovery of upper extremity and hand function in stroke patients, We hope to discuss various issues to be solved in the approach of upper limb treatment for stroke patients based on virtual reality in the future.