Purpose This study was conducted to investigate the effects of elastic bandassisted treadmill training on leg muscle strength and balance ability in stroke patients. Methods The subjects were 30 patients diagnosed with stroke, and they were randomly assigned to the study group and the control group. The study group performed elastic bandassisted treadmill training for 30 minutes once a day, 5 times a week, for a total of 4 weeks. The study group performed elastic bandassisted treadmill training, and the control group performed general treadmill training. The leg muscle strength test was used to evaluate muscle strength. The Berg Balance Scale(BBS) and Plantar Pressure Test(PPT) were used to evaluate balance. Results After the intervention, the study group showed significant muscle strength improvements in both the paretic and nonparetic sides compared to the control group (p<.05). There were significant increases in muscle strength in the paretic side hip flexors, hip extensors, hip abductors, knee flexors, knee extensors, dorsiflexors, and plantar flexors on the paretic side, as well as in the same muscle groups on the nonparetic side. There were significant improvements in the total score and dynamic balance items of the BBS(p<.05). There were significant increases in the pressure area and pressure print on the paretic side, as well as a significant decrease in the pressure print on the nonparetic side, indicating improved balance in weight distribution(p<.05). Conclusion That elastic bandassisted treadmill training was an effective intervention for improving leg muscle strength and balance in stroke patients.