Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of treadmill gait training and sit to stand(STS) exercises on stroke patients’ cardiopulmonary functions, muscular CSAs, and IR. Methods 15 patients (treadmill group 8, STS group7) were selected from patients with stroke due to hemispheric lesions who were being treated as inpatients at Y Hospital in the Gyeonggi-do region. In this study, the average periods of time after the onset of stroke in the patients in the treadmill gait training group and in the STS exercise group were 7.6 months and 7.5 months, respectively. We analysis the differences in cardiopulmonary function, muscular CSA, and IR between treadmill gait and STS exercise and between intergroup. Results The treadmill gait training group’s maximum oxygen consumption increased by 61%, from 1193.1 ㎖/min before exercise to 1808.6 ㎖/min afterward; meanwhile, the STS exercise group’s maximum oxygen consumption increased by 29%, from 1335.6 ㎖/min before exercise to 1743.6㎖/min after exercise IR decreased by 19% from 1.3 before exercise to 1.0 after exercise in the treadmill gait training group. Moreover, it decreased by 12% from 2.7 before exercise to 1.9 after exercise in the STS exercise group. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, exercise programs for improving the body metabolism ability of patients with hemiplegia due to stroke should be made more effective. Furthermore, efforts to establish the importance of physical activity and its relationship with body metabolism are thought to be necessary to improve the future functional life of the patients.