Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the backward walking training on balance and gait ability in patient with chronic stroke. Methods This study was designed the ABA format in a single subject research design. The subject was a men aged 49 with Rt. hemiplegia due to stroke. The backward walking training was carried out the stable standing posture, the backward stepping and the eccentric activation of the calf muscle. The intervention was performed for 30 minutes a day, 5 times a week, for two weeks. The effectiveness of the intervention was measured before each session with the Functional Reach Test (FRT), the BioRescue Platform (BRP) and the Time Up and Go test (TUG). Results As the result of the FRT, BRP and TUG show, there have been significant improvements in the balance and gait of the subject in both during intervention and during regression period. Conclusion The eccentric activation of the calf muscle with the backward walking training was effective in improving the symmetry of weight distribution, postural stability and speed of gait in hemiplegic patient with stroke.